A Shaky Cease-fire
In mid-August, Israel agreed to a United States proposal for a 90-day cease fire in the Middle East. Secretary of State Wm. P. Rogers had authored the statement, and had previously succeeded in getting Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon (along with 5 other Arab states) to accept the proposal. It seemed at last to Washington officials that a way out of the potentially explosive situation in the Middle East was on the horizon. During the cease-fire, negotiations would be in progress between the warring factions presided over by U N. Mediator Gunnar V Jarring. The ultimate end in view would be the withdrawal of Israel from territories captured in the ’67 war, while the Arabs will acknowledge Israel’s right to exist behind secure and mutually agreed borders.
Egypt’s Nasser first accepted the proposal after flying off to Russia to confer with Moscow. He was informed by Soviet officials that they would not back Egypt in another attack on Israel. Russia is worried about a possible confrontation with the United States. They also fear a loss of prestige among the Arabs if they are forced to back down by the U. S. Since he could not for the present count on Russian help, Nasser decided to go along with the proposal.
Israel responded positively a week later. They had been placed under pressure by the Egyptian acceptance, and by the United States. As Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Dayan said, “We are strong enough not to be forced into accepting dictates of enemies or friends, hut we are not strong enough to dispense with our allies.”
Both Egypt and Israel agreed not to take advantage of the cease-fire to strengthen their own military posture. Israel would have preferred peace-keeping monitors, other than the U. N. forces, who failed to maintain peace in 1967, to keep peace. Although the U. S. and Russia have an unspoken agreement that neither will try to change the military balance in the Middle East during the cease-fire, there is strong evidence that the same week in which the cease-fire commenced, new SAM 2’s sites were moved into the effected areas. Israel’s remembrance of broken promises by the U. S. made them suspicious of their intentions. In 1956, when Israel was ordered to evacuate the territory in Sinai and the Gaza Strip captured during the lighting, they were assured by President Eisenhower that, in return for their withdrawal, the U. S. would support Israel’s right to passage through the Suez Canal and the Straits of Tiran. After Israel had agreed to withdraw, and had, indeed, pulled back, they were denied passage through the canal and the Straits of Tiran. The United States did nothing to keep its promise to Israel, a course, which eventually brought about the 1967 war.
What the Israelis Want
Israel claims that what they really want is security, not territory. They are willing to return less strategic areas like the West Bank and Western Sinai, but at the same time they desire to negotiate for new legitimately assured borders that would guarantee their nation’s security. If Sinai is to be given up, then it must be demilitarized and stationed with peacekeeping forces, other than United Nations. Sinai would then act as a buffer zone between the two belligerents. The Gaza Strip, packed with 358,000 Arabs, is still wanted by Israel to straighten out the border. At least, the Strip should come under international control. For to decades. Syrian guns had rained down death and destruction on Israeli kibbutzim. At a cost of 115 Israeli soldiers killed, the Golan Heights were taken jn 1967, and the guns silenced. Israel would not even consider giving up this area without the firmest of assurances that it had been demilitarized. In respect to Jerusalem, it is doubtful if Israel would ever he willing to give the East part back. The capture of this city in 1967 was the cause for great rejoicing and exultation among the Jews, who for the first time in almost two millenniums were able to touch the wailing wall.
What the Arabs Want
James Wallace of the International Staff of “U. S. News & World Report,” having just toured the area of the Middle East reported in the August 24th issue of the bitter hostility that continues to exist between the Arabs and the Israelis. The Palestinian commandos insist, “We refuse any peaceful solutions we absolutely refuse. We completely reject anything less than complete liberation of our homeland.” Such is the attitude of the Arabs towards Israel. Only because of the strong pressure from Russia have they agreed to a cease-fire. What they want from Israel is virtually all the land captured in ’67. This territory formerly occupied by the Arabs totals 25,477 square miles (more than three times as big as all Israel.) The population in the captured area is about 1 million, compared with 2.75 million in Israel.
The most hardened attitudes exist among the Palestinian Commando groups –the guerrillas or feydayeen, and the political groups behind them. Ghassan Kanafani a leader in the increasingly influential Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine is reported by Wallace saying, “For 20 years the Palestini-ms were good boys. We thought the Arab armies would win our battle for us, or that we would get justice through the United Nations if we behaved, if we kept on being beggars in our miserable refugee camps. None of that worked. Now we know violence is the only answer.” The rout of the Arab armies in ’67 convinced the commando groups lhat they would have to do their on fighting. They feel now that the battle will go on for 15 to 25 years, during which Israel will be worn down. ‘The entire Arab world will be tired by the Palestine example of perseverance and sacrifice. “Thus united,” say the Fedayeen, “the Arabs will be irresistible, no matter how much help the U. S. gives Israel.”
Continued Violation of The Cease-fire
As the Tidings goes to press, the Israelis continue to accuse the Egyptians of violating the agreement that barred the introduction of new weapons into the 32-mile-wide strip along either side of the Suez. Israel produced photographs which indicated activity in the restricted area hours after the agreement was made. In the first meeting Israel’s U. N. Delegate Yoseph Tekoah repeated his country’s complaint that Egypt had violated the 90-day cease-fire agreement. Soviet built SAM-2 and SAM-3 missiles had been positioned on the west bank of the Suez Canal. He then shocked Jarring with the announcement that he was returning home that very night for consultation with his government. On a television broadcast Israeli Premier GoIda Meir’ declared, “Had we known that things would develop as they have, with the Egyptian contravention of the ceasefire, we would not have agreed to enter into the peace talks. We have been bitterly disappointed,” Moshe Dayan, in secret Cabinet meetings has been urging the Israelis to call off the talks until the Egyptians carry out the provisions of the truce.
As we type these words, we have before us tonight’s newspaper, with headlines that read “Warning by Israel — Action against Suez Missiles Eyed”, Because Israel feels that the U. S. has failed in its assurances that the terms of the agreement would be enforced, they are seriously considering taking action against Egyptian missile bases which have been moved closer to lhe Suez Canal. Premier Golda Meir told meeting of labor members of Parliament that a situation may arise under which Israel may be compelled to take action against the SAM-2 bases. The United States now has conclusive proof that there has been movement of several batteries of SAM-2 anti-aircraft missiles in the standstill zone on the West bank of the Suez Canal. When asked what action, if any, the U.S. would take, the Presidential News Secretary Ron Ziegler replied, “We are continuing to re-evaluate the situation, and I have no indication to give.”
To this writer, it does not seem likely that Israel will hold fast to the cease-fire agreement for the full 90 days. The bitter enmity that exists between Israel and the Arabs will undoubtedly continue until the return of the Messiah, who alone is able to bring lasting peace between even the bitterest of enemies.