Breaking with the tradition of reading Romans as a theological treatise devoted essentially to ‘justification by faith’, this ‘re-reading’, drawing upon the insights of the ‘new perspective on Paul’, views it as a true letter written to Christians in Rome. It argues that Paul’s prime concern in Romans is the troubled relationship of Jews and Gentiles in the early church, and specifically in Rome, and it seeks to follow the Apostle’s argument and his attempts to bring the separate groups together in unified worship. It also includes a short overview of the early church in Rome, a brief introduction to issues of reading and interpretation, and reflections on the importance of Romans for readers today.