Letters to the Editor

Principle or Pragmatism

Dear Brother Don,

Greetings in Christ Jesus.

It was the September response (pg. 272) that drew my attention to the June article “Principle or Pragmatism” (pg. 171). I, too, detect “faulty reasoning” that can lead to wrong conduct. However, both the letter and the editorial comment raise further concerns.

“Pragmatism” is defined as “the pursuit of practical ends without being totally constrained by matters of principle” (pg. 171). Webster adds, “that truth is preeminently to be tested by the consequences of belief.” The article attempts to legitimize this philosophy as an approach to decision-making that can be blended with the application of principles. I suggest, rather, that it is, as the title implies, an alternative. The two approaches are mutually exclusive.

All Bible teaching reveals divine principles, solidly grounded in the character of the Creator, hence offering reliable, trustworthy guidance in all circumstances. “Thy word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path” (Psa. 119:105). Principles illuminate “The Way.” Pragmatism, in contrast, perches precariously on the shifting sands of human perception.

The author identifies Caiaphas, Jeroboam and the serpent as practitioners of unprincipled expediency. Sadly, he misses the logical conclusion that their approach is always wrong. He suggests, “That circum­stances may sometimes arise in which pragmatic realities will prevail over principle,” implying that feeble human judgment will determine when to set aside divinely revealed principles! This conflicts with the counsel, “Trust in the LORD with all your heart and do not rely on your own insight” (Prov. 3:5).

Closely allied with “pragmatism” is “expediency.” Current usage “usually implies what is immediately advantageous without regard for ethics or concern with consistent principles” (Webster). The author identifies the approach of Caiaphas as “classic pragmatism: ‘it is expedient for us..!” (pg. 171). Surely this should suffice to warn us of the dangerous impropriety of this method. Rather, the article reviews nine portions of scripture in a manner that seeks to endorse this philosophy. I believe these expositions are flawed.

While the September letter offers some helpful observations, I find other comments supportive of the original proposition that even the Creator pursues “practical ends without being constrained by matters of principle” (pg. 171,176). He writes, “The angel as God’s representative has the authority of God to both make and break any commandments given” and that God “deter­mined the principle and He can modify how it is served if He so pleases” (pg. 273).

The editor refers to “the conflict that exists between some of God’s commands (pg. 273) and to God’s “balancing of compassion, expediency and practicality” (pg.274). While “expediency” can refer scrip­turally to legitimate benefit, in this debate it implies an alternative to the exclusive rule of principle.

From the article and these responses, we glean these suggestions, implicit or explicit:

• God Himself is not guided exclusively by principles.
• God’s law is inconsistent, containing inherent conflicts, which need to be resolved by the application of human intelligence.
• Some of God’s commandments may, indeed should, be disregarded on some occasions.
• Biblical principles alone are an inadequate guide to human con­duct.

These conclusions warrant critical examination. We are impelled to seek a better understanding than this of eternal divine principles and their consistent application.

The article truly states that “every single tenet of our faith is based on principles carefully distilled from the word of God” (pg. 171). To this we add:

• Each tenet of our faith, each “first principle,” has relevance in practical issues, not just in theory.
• All divine principles are interrelated and inter-dependent.
• God is always consistent both in the revelation and application of his principles.
• The word of God brings together all elements of divine teaching in an integrated, harmonious presentation, devoid of conflict, confusion or contradiction.
• God’s teaching methods vary, but the underlying principles are changeless.

When we sometimes fail to fully appreciate these truths, the inadequacy lies in human comprehension rather than in the divine revelation. We need then to pray: “Open my eyes that I may behold wondrous things out of thy law…I revere thy commandments, which I love, and I will meditate on thy statutes…I do not turn aside from thy ordinances, for thou has taught me” (Psa. 119:18,48,102 RSV).

A more comprehensive analysis of these issues will be offered, God willing, in a series of articles headed, “The Law of the LORD.”

Sincerely, your brother,
Silvannus

We look forward to receipt of the proposed series of articles. In the original article, Bro. Beale was not being dogmatic and was setting forth a suggested approach to a difficult area of exposition. In after thought, we would have suggested he use some other term than pragmatism, the connotations of which are indeed distasteful. However, if we are too harsh in our criticisms, we discourage what can be useful contributions on difficult matters.

Knowing all the parties well, we know that no one in this exchange is the least bit interested in justifying sin. But we are groping for a way of reconciling, for example, such matters as apparent divine use of deception with the divine standard of truth and uprightness. If the articles by Silvannus help in this regard, then a good purpose will be served.

Jews and Arabs

Dear Brother Don,

A comment was made in the October “Tidings” that the 39 Old Testa­ment usages of the Hebrew word be­tach rendered “safely” in Ezk. 38:8,11,14 were not relevant to establishing the meaning of the word in Ezekiel 38. We feel such reasoning goes directly against the grain of our long-standing Christadelphian use of concordance study as a guide to God’s usage of words in His book. Where would our doctrinal understanding of “hell” and the “devil” and the “soul” be if in these matters we so lightly abandoned our traditional approach to word analysis?

Another point raised in the same issue of the magazine was the phrase “the latter years” in Ezk. 38:8 and “the latter days” in v.16. It was asserted by both the correspondent and the editor that this term applies to the end of Gentile times and would not possibly be used of the beginning of the Kingdom. The Hebrew rendered “latter” is acharith. The same Hebrew word is used in Micah 4:1: “It shall come to pass in the last days, that the mountain of the Lord’s house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and all the nations shall flow unto it.”

The simple fact is that “the latter years” or “the latter days” does not draw a fine line between the various events surrounding Israel’s deliverance and the establishment of the kingdom.

Yours in the One Hope,
George Booker, Austin, TX

We have noted in some quarters that we have slavishly followed concordance usage of a word without proper regard to context. This can lead to incorrect conclusions. However, Bro. Booker is correct on his point regarding “the latter years.” The phrase is used more broadly than we had realized.

Jew and Arab Continued

Last month, space did not permit a response to a letter regarding this matter from Bro. Harry Perks of Stayner, ONT. He raised some points upon which we now have opportunity to comment.

• 1) Repentance before deliverance: Bro. Perks reasons the Jews must be brought low, to a point of utter misery and humiliation before they will cry for God’s help, be delivered by Christ, accept him as their Messiah and repent of their iniquities. He is perfectly right in this.

Zech. 13:8-14:3 and 12:9-10 provide a succinct summary of this. Two of every three Jews living in the land will be killed; finally they will cry to God for help; the LORD will respond and will fight against the desolater through the Messiah and those with him. The Jews will then recognize their savior as the very Jesus slain by their forebears.

Those Jews not living in the land at the time will be gathered from every nation under heaven into a b. wilderness spot where the rebels will be purged out and only the repentant will then proceed to resettle in Palestine (Ezk. 20:33-38).

Therefore we agree that repentance is necessary before reconciliation with God is possible. His reference to the work of Elijah would also suggest that we agree on many of the details that are revealed concerning the working out of the conversion of Jews in the land.

1. 2) Who is the army of nations that so humiliate the Jews in the land? Here is the point of disagreement between us. Is the enemy a confederation of neighboring Arab nations or is it the broader confederation of Russia, European nations, Persia, Ethiopia and Libya spelled out in Ezk. 38?

Bro. Perks contends the Arabs are the invading force and cites Psa. 79 and 83 for support.

1. Psa. 79 was fulfilled when Babylon overran Judah and her neighbors looked on mocking and deriding Judah’s fate. Compare Psa. 79:1 with Lam. 1:10; Psa. 79:6,7 with Jer. 10:25; 79:1 with Jer. 51:51, etc. Note particularly the parallel of Psa. 79 with Psa. 74 and the emphasis in both Psalms on the desecration of the temple and its features 79:1; 74:6,7 (a particular point of Babylon’s conquest). Also, at this time, Ammon, Moab, Edom and Philistia (“our neighbors” Psa. 79:12), bore special guilt for their reviling of Judah (Ezk. 25:3,8,12,15). We see no reason for giving a latter day application to Psalm 79.
2. Psa. 83 is being fulfilled before our eyes in the continued ferment of the Palestinian movement against Israel. The specific areas listed in vs. 6 and 7 are areas dominated by Palestinians or heavily involved with their refuge camps, namely the Sinai (Edom and Amalek), the Gaza strip (Philistines), Jordan (Ishmaelites, Moab, Hagarenes and Ammon) and Lebanon (Tyre and Gebal).Noticeably lacking from the list are Syria and Egypt where Palestinians exist but are not a significant factor. By specifically leaving out Syria and Egypt, it is clear Psalm 83 is not describing a general Arab confederation but the far more limited Palestinian problem.

   As has been noted and agreed to in earlier issues of the “Tidings,” Psalm 83 describes threats but no conquest of Israel. Much bluffing talk with no sig­nificant results has been the consistent pattern of the Palestinian movement.

   A further point to note is that “Assur” (Iraq) is listed in a separate category as one helping from a distance. This fits exactly her relationship to the Palestinian movement.

   Considering the facts, we feel Psalm 83 should be dropped as evidence by those who favor an Arab victory over Israel.

Manitoulin Youth Conference

Dear Brother (Uncle) Don,

Loving greetings in the one hope.

From reading all the letters in recent “Tidings” about the Manitoulin youth conference, it seemed a good idea to write as to how the conference went. It has just finished and a wonderfully uplifting and encouraging time was had by all! Over 50 younger people, married and unmarried [plus 11 support staff of the middle-aged category], attended the conference. All of us went away with a clearer and deeper understanding of Genesis 1 -4 as well as a lovely feeling of fellowship and love for our brethren and sisters.

Each morning was spent in little groups of about ten discussing a chapter. We heard the suggestions of other as well as shared our own ideas and we were able to take away many practical lessons for our own lives.

The afternoon included time for recreation and, on two days, included panel discussions. Later on in the afternoon, the young people got together to do the daily readings on the quiet beach of Lake Martin. Hardly ever could we fit all the comments and questions into the time provided! This resulted in conversations sprouting up all the time about God’s word even when not in a particular session. We felt like we were finally living up to the words of Malachi 3:16, “Then those who feared the LORD spoke with one another; the LORD heeded and heard them, and a book of remembrance was written before him of those who feared the LORD and thought on his Name.” In this day and age, when there are so many worldly distractions, it is so nice to be able to fix your mind on the things of the Word, away from the world and see all other things in their true light — vanity.

The evenings at the conference were spent in the main meeting room hearing the scripture clearly expounded and hungrily and thirstily taking it all in. Later on, we had hymn sings, etc., down on the beach as the sun set. To finish off the day, we had a devotion around a blazing campfire and sang our camp hymn under a sky full of stars. Indeed, we were all blessed by such gorgeous displays of creation!

The events in the Middle East only succeeded in strengthening us further. They made us want to know more and more and made us all want to encourage our brethren and sisters along the path to life. We all developed such strong bonds of friendship during the week based on the Truth that those of us who had not known anyone at the conference at the start of the week soon felt like everyone was an old friend.

Surely Christ’s return is not far away and may we all be among those that love his appearing and hear those blessed words at the judgment seat, “Well done, thou good and faithful servant. Enter thou into the joy of your Lord” (Mt. 25:21).

Until the day of his appearing, may we all keep strong and keep the faith! May God bless.

With fervent love in Christ,
Sis. Mary Jane Abel, Shelburne, ONT P.S.

Youth conference 1991 is on I Timothy, God willing.

Having spent the week with the young people at Manitoulin, I can endorse Sis. Mary Jane’s comments. Several came at the last minute, not having done all of the preparatory work, and still found they benefitted greatly from the study and general atmosphere. The combination of high spiritual atmosphere, solid Bible study and good fun is the best we have seen for a conference.

The Name Of God

Dear Brother Don,

Loving greetings.

We have just received the September “Tidings.” We fully agree with those who enjoy your sensible handling of all subjects. Please keep it up– we get hours of pleasure from reading the magazine.

We were interested in Bro. Banta’ s letter and your answer on God’s holy name. Having been brought up to believe God’s name should be sanctified (“hallowed be thy name”), it has bothered me more than a little to hear a few brethren not only using it but mispronouncing it! I have talked to many brethren who have studied Hebrew quite extensively and they all agree “Yahweh” is not the correct pronunciation. Surely this would not be pleasing to God.

Thank you again for the magazine.

Your sister in Christ,
Josephine Thomas,
N. Canton, OH

For several years, one of our boys drove back and forth to school with an orthodox Jew. The Jewish friend followed their normal practice of referring to God as Adonai rather than pronouncing YHWH. However, upon discovering our interest in whether Yahweh or Jehovah were the correct pronunciation, he pronounced YHWH in the Hebrew. The pronunciation was markedly different from either Yahweh or Jehovah, being more guttural and having a pronounced breathy sound on the first syllable. It was evident that the transliteration “Yahweh” is probably overall closer to the sound of the Hebrew pronunciation but “Jehovah” better captures the breathiness of the first Hebrew letter.

Throughout our discussions of this matter, let us remember the words of Isa. 57:15: “For thus saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy; I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit…” Let us never manifest any arrogance or abrasiveness in discussing the name of one who is so great and so loving.

Dear Brother Don,

Regarding the use of “LORD” or YHWH or Yahweh, or one of the other many designations for the God of Abraham used in the Bible as discussed in the “Tidings:” I agree with you that as we are using an English translation, in most cases it is proper to read it as written, and not substitute the Hebrew original, as a rule. However, as nearly as I can figure, the letters YHWH are not, in themselves a “name” but the initials for “I will be what I will be,” and therefore, as with any initial, do not form a pronounceable word.

However, as there is only ONE GOD and His name ONE such quibbling seems to me a form of blasphemy.

In Luke 11 :4 , there is a version of the Lord’s prayer and the opening words are: “Our Father which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name…” This designation I feel is our special privilege to use when we pray.

Regarding the declaration to Moses, we must keep in mind the time and circumstance. With the initial band of actual descendants of Israel, there were a “mixed multitude” who probably were pagans used to the Egyptian pantheon and it was necessary to impress on them the true “Name” of the One God.

Regarding the subject of translations, I am enclosing for your reference a copy of an article from the August, 1990 “Bible Review” edited by the editor of the “Biblical Archaeology Review.”

Your sister in Christ,
Margaret Cooper Knorr, Largo, FL

YHWH is the third person, singular, future, masculine (he will be) of a rarely used form of the verb “to be.” Other forms of the same Hebrew verb are found in only six Old Testament passages (Gen. 27:29; Neh. 6:6; Job 37:6; Eccl. 2:22;11:3 and Isa. 16:4). The third person, singular, future occurs only as the proper name of God. (See Gesenius’s Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon.)

Thank you for the article. We have read it carefully along with the article sent to us from Bro. Banta. In addition, we have researched this matter from the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, The Books and the Parchments by F.F. Bruce, The Text of the Old Testament by Ernst Wurthwein and Manuscripts of the Greek Bible by Bruce M. Metzger.

The article supplied by Bro. Banta contends that first century copies of the New Testament would use the Hebrew letters YHWH in reference to the Deity even though the rest of the text was written in Greek. The author admits that no such manuscripts exist. The earliest extant manuscripts of the New Testa­ment date from the second century and contain “Lord” (Greek kurios) when quoting Old Testament verses where YHWH occurs.

The author of the article, George Howard, uses as evidence for his point fragments of three Greek versions of the Old Testament where YHWH appears in an otherwise Greek text. The fragments are very old dating from about 150 B.C. to about 250 A.D. Mr. Howard reasons that if Judaistic Jews made such a distinction regarding the name of God then surely Christian Jews would have done the same. But, by his own admission, he has no direct evidence to prove his point.

From our perspective, the most interesting evidence cited by Mr. Howard comes from a copy of the Septuagint dated about 100 B.C. Most of us have heard or read refer­ences to the Septuagint as the version of the Old Testament frequently cited in the New Testament. Therefore, some information regarding the Septuagint may be useful.

The Septuagint

The Septuagint is a Greek version of the Old Testament. It was translated from the Hebrew over the period 250 B.C. to 150 B.C. The originals of this version have disappeared; the oldest complete manuscript currently existing was produced about 400 A.D. Based upon ancient writings and upon recent discoveries of fragments of old copies, we know that the Septuagint did not remain unaltered from 150 B.C. to 400 A.D. In fact, the changes made to it were of such an extent that non-Christian Jews stopped using the Septuagint in favor of other Greek versions of the Old Testament.

Changes to the Septuagint

“Used for centuries by both Jews and Christians it [the Septuagint] underwent corruption and interpolation…We are much more certain of the inspired words of the New Testament writers than of the original [Septuagint] version of the Old Testament” (IS BE pg. 27,25a). The Septuagint “became the holy book of the Christians of the early centuries…In the course of time Christian insertions crept into the text, as in Psa. 14, Psa. 96, etc.” (Wurthwein, pgs. 52-53).

Psa. 14 provides an interesting case in point. The 400 AD. Septuagint version (Psa. 14 is Psa. 13 in the Sept.) includes several additional lines at the end of vs. 3 which are identical to Rom. 3:13-18. The words of Rom. 3:13-18 are found in the Hebrew text in various other places but not in Psa. 14. Since Rom. 3:10-12 cites vs. 1-3 of the Psalm, one’s suspicion is aroused that the Septuagint has been altered by some well-meaning Christian scribe to have the whole of Rom. 3:10-18 coming from the same scripture.

If the Septuagint was altered to conform to the New Testament, then the absence of YHWH from newer copies of the Septuagint could indicate the New Testament text did not contain YHWH. In other words, to make the Septuagint conform to the New Testament quotes, well-meaning scribes would replace YHWH with the Greek kurios in conformity with New Testament practice. So Mr. Howard’s facts could end up proving the opposite to his conclusions.

What we know

We do know that no existing copies or fragments of the Greek New Testament contain YHWH in them. We do know some Hebrew words have come to us in the Greek text (“the Lord of Sabaoth” Rom. 9:29; Jam. 5:4; “Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?” Mt. 27:46). Therefore we still feel that, based on quotations of the Old Testament in the New, the divine guideline is that we should read “Lord” and “God” when reading the Bible translated into English.

Of course, as we have stated before, the vital point is to understand the significance of the divine name: He will surely manifest Himself in a host of immortalized faithful ones of which each of us seeks to be a part.

A Child Writes About God

Dear Brother Don,

Our daughter wrote the following which! thought you would find interesting.

Your sister in Christ,
Darla Anderson

God is like a blanket. He warms you when you are cold. When you are upset, He comforts you. When you are tired, He covers you and helps you sleep.

We are like flowers and God is like the soil, the sun and the rain giving us everything we need to grow.

God is like the air constantly watching you, always there even if you can’t see Him.

God is like a promise that cannot be broken, a commitment that cannot be left or put aside. If you do not follow Him, He is not with you. But if you call Him, He will come. If you are faithful, He is always there to help.

God is like a voice that calls once then is silent, leaving only a message for you to follow.

God is like a mother warm, caring, forgiving and merciful.

Jessica Anderson, (10 years old)
Shelburne, ONT

Thank you Jessica. We are refreshed by your reverence for God.

The Faith Of John The Baptist

Dear Brother Don,

Whilst working as a young nurse at the Birmingham Christadelphian Home and Hospital, I had the privilege of learning the truth from Bro. Elwyn Humphreys. Although physically incapacitated by severe arthritis and blindness, he had a mind like a Bible concordance and remarkable spiritual sight.

During my studies with Bro. Elwyn, I asked the very question posed by Bro. Troy Haltom in the September issue of the “Tidings:” “Had John Baptist lost his faith…?”

The response I received served to open my mind to the wonders of the Bible.

Jesus, aware of John’s need for reassurance and comfort as he languished in prison, gave his disciples the direct command, “Go and tell John what you have seen and heard.” He proceeded to remind them of the miracles they had witnessed. The blind had received sight, the deaf could hear and the lame walk.

John’s mind, steeped in scripture, would immediately follow the Lord’s thought direction to Isaiah 35:5, “…the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped. Then shall the lame man leap as an hart…”

The miracles confirmed the mes­siahship of Jesus and the message of Isaiah would indeed encourage the one who was ,for the moment, spiritually low.

“Strengthen ye the weak hands, and confirm the feeble knees. Say to them that are of a fearful heart, Be strong, fear not, behold your God will come with vengeance, even God with a recompense; he will come and save you” (Isa. 35:3-4).

The anti-typical voice crying in the wilderness, “Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God” (Isa. 40:3) was being exhorted by Jesus to trust in the future deliverance of the faithful, when the redeemed would traverse the king’s highway with their Lord and Saviour en route to Jerusalem.

John would derive great comfort meditating upon the vision; “And the ransomed of the LORD shall return, and come to Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon their heads: they shall obtain joy and gladness and sorrow and sighing shall flee away” (Isa. 35:10).

Even the greatest amongst the prophets was subject to periods of depression and discouragement. How fitting that he should receive strength from the “Word made flesh” himself

Bro. Elwyn would have been delighted to know that after 30 years, his protege not only remembered his “off the cuff’ remarks, but shared them on the North American Continent!

Sincerely your sister in Our Lord’s name,
Patricia Bartle, Toronto, ONT

Beautiful points well worth noting in our Bibles. The mighty powers of the age became fully manifest in the Lord; surely he was Lord of that coming time when John would be vindicated. But before the just could be recompensed, the way of redemption must be provided through the blood of the lamb of God who had come to take away the sin of the world (John 1:29).

Jews And Arabs

Dear Brother Don,

Greetings in the Hope of Israel!

In the September issue of the “Tidings,” some comments were made regarding the interpretation of Ezekiel 38-39 which considered these chapters in a different light from what has been traditionally believed by our community. While there is every reason to be tolerant to various interpretations of the details of Bible prophecy, there is also a compelling need to have a sufficient understanding of the main outlines of expected future events. If we fail in this regard, it will be nearly impossible to remain a community of faithful watchmen. Neither our children, nor the world at large, will have confidence in our teachings.

It seems ironic, that in a day and age when many of the details of these Ezekiel chapters are becoming clearer that some brethren are now arguing that passages are post-enthronement. Prophecy is given “to shew unto his servants things which must shortly come to pass” (Rev. 1:1). There are literally hundreds of prophecies related to the “last days,” “the latter days,” “the day of the Lord,” etc. These seem aimed at producing in the household a continual attitude of watchfulness even if events did not lead to the advent in our own lifetime.

To argue that Ezekiel 38-39 takes place in the kingdom age is surely an argument from silence, since the passages themselves do not mention the presence of the Lord Jesus Christ whatsoever.

The Bible gives us a sure test on the validity of a prophet. To paraphrase: if a prophet is correct in the near term, we can trust him in things more future (Deut. 18:22). In this regard, we might look at the historical approach in our community to the interpretation of Ezekiel’ s prophecies. In the 1923 edition of The Ministry of the Prophets by Roberts and Walker, on page 68 it speaks of establishing a secular state of Israel prior to the advent of our Lord Jesus Christ: “Multitudes (of Jews) also perish again in the wilderness in the process of restoration (Ezk. 20:35­-38), but a circumcised surviving remnant enter the land.” The section of Ministry was probably written by Bro. Roberts in 1898! I think that combining this with the account in the first half of Ezk. 37, we have a pretty good description of the holocaust and the subsequent dramatic declaration of the nationhood of Is­rael only a few years after. Literally the dead bones of the Jewish people rose from the graves of Hitler’s extermination program to resurrect their nation after almost 2,000 years of being politically dead. A remarkable fulfillment of Ezekiel’ s prophecies and one clearly foreseen by Bro. Roberts. Hence, the traditional approach to interpreting Ezk. 38 naturally follows the historical context developed in the first half of Ezk. 37 which has proven its validity.

The key phrase that I wish to point to in Ezk. 38 is in vs. 8, which says plainly that the timing of the prophecy occurs “in the latter years.” The latter years of what? The answer is given in innumerable other prophecies, namely, the latter years of the “times of the Gentiles.” Moving the setting of Ezk. 38 to post-advent times does severe violence to the context and the historical development that the prophet seems to be following (something that we have already verified by interpretation of chap. 37).

I also wish to make some comments on the allusion to dwelling “safely” made in Ezk. 38:11. It seems to me that looking up the meaning of the word betach is irrelevant. Surely it is a case of being unable to see the forest for the trees. We need to look for parallel context and one such is given by the apostle Paul in I Thes. 5 :2,3 : “For yourselves know perfectly that the day of the Lord so cometh as a thief in the night. For when they shall say, Peace and safety; then sudden destruction cometh upon them.” This is clearly a latter-day prophecy and speaks of an era of apparent peace and safety in a time prior to the coming of the Lord Jesus Christ. The events going on in the world right now seem to fit the development of this era of peace and safety exactly. We see the development of a united Europe and a need for the Russian Gog to be at peace and economically dependent on Gomer and Togarmah precisely as the alliances mentioned in Ezk. 38:6 would lead us to suspect. Furthermore, the presence of the United States in the Southern Arab state of Saudi Arabia and American ships of Tarshish in the Persian Gulf have created an historic split between the southern Arabs of Sheba and Dedan and the northern Arab states; events which foreshadow the situation spelled out in Ezk. 38:13.

It is important to realize that the traditional approach to prophecy creates a desire for watchfulness while the alternate interpretation of placing all these events in the post-advent age could lead us to ignore world news in the light of Bible prophecy. If the dramatic prophecies of Ezk. 38-39 all take place after the judgment has past, what possible relevance could they have for us? But we are exhorted to “Watch therefore; for ye know not what hour your Lord doth come” (Mt. 24:42). What was it we were supposed to watch for? The answer is unmistakable in the context of the Olivet prophecies, namely, we are to watch the signs of the times, with keen interest. The reason that so many have be­lieved for so long in the traditional view of these chapters is because it has proven worthy and is backed up by similar prophecies in Daniel 11, Joel 2,3 and elsewhere.

When a prophet comes up with a new interpretation, the burden of proof is on that prophet to show in the near term the validity of their pronouncements. The traditional approach has met that challenge. Where is the corresponding verification of these new interpretations?

The aim of Bible prophecy seems designed to prepare the believers in the world for the coming of the Lord Jesus Christ. Hence, at the closing of Revelation we read the words: “Even so, come, Lord Jesus.”

Sincerely your brother in Christ Jesus,
John C. Bilello, Ann Arbor, MI

Bro. John has hit a key point in the interpretation of Ezk. 38; the events described therein take place in the “latter days.” That designation precludes their occurring after Christ and the saints have already established themselves in Jerusalem, for when they do so, the “latter days” will be history and the initial stages of the kingdom will have already begun.

Dear Brother Don,

I have read your editorial and I have a few comments to make.

The struggle between Israel and the Arabs began in the body of Rebekah by her twin sons, Jacob and Esau. It was interrupted by Israel’s exile but now it has begun again on their return. In the past, God has allowed the Arabs to conquer Israel in order that they should turn to their God seeking forgiveness of their sins.

Repentance is what Israel needs and their present situation will not accomplish this change. This will more likely be achieved by an Arab victory over Israel than by any other group of nations. In their distress, they will call on God for help not knowing that they first need to repent. So God will send them Elijah to effect their repentance which will lead to their baptism. This in turn will bring about the return of Jesus to a chastened nation. At that time, there will be a time of trouble such as never was since there was a nation even to that same time. And at that time, thy people (Daniel’s people) shall be delivered, every one that shall be found written in the book (book of life, Dan. 12:1). Thus, Elijah’ s mission will be successful.

Regarding an Arab victory over Israel, I suggest you read Psalms 79 and 83 in the following order. Ps. 83:1-8 — a list of the conspirators. Ps. 79:1-11 describes the havoc they work which brings about Israel’s request for forgiveness of their sins for God’ s name’ s sake. Psa. 79:12 is a request that their neighbors be rendered seven-fold for their reproach was against the LORD. Psa. 83:9-17 reveals seven names whom God punished in times past. Psa. 83:18 -­that they may know that the LORD is the most high over all the earth. Psa. 79:18 — that Israel may give thanks to God for generations.

Another prophecy that requires a closer look is Zech. 14:2: “For I will bring all nations against Jerusalem to battle.” Strong’ s concordance has this remark about the word “against.” It is occasionally used of a quiescent position, that is, near, with or among. If the word near is used, the Arab nations are meant. Also, the term “all nations” is used in 1 Chr. 14:17; 18:11; 2 Chr. 32:23; Joel 3:2,12 and judging from the context, all the surrounding nations is the meaning in each case.

You remark that Ezk. 38-39 describes Israel as wealthy and at peace and you ask the question as to where is the present wealth and security. I suggest the answer is in Zech 2:4,5. “Jerusalem shall be inhabited as towns without walls for the multi­tude of men and cattle therein. For I , saith the LORD, will be unto her a wall of fire roundabout, and will be the glory in the midst of her.” If such is their future security, then their wealth will be from the same source.

The purpose of the northern invasion is stated in Ezk. 38:16 — “that the nations may know me, when I shall be sanctified in thee, 0 Gog, before their eyes.” There is no mention of any loss of life among the inhabitants of the land, only the invaders. There is no record of the land being ravaged, only a huge amount of military equipment to be cleaned up. Israel’s safety would be ensured as it was in Egypt at passover time ,by staying inside their villages encircled by God’s wall of fire.

With brotherly love,
Harry Perks, Stayner, ONT

Space prohibits any adequate response on these points. Lord willing, we will cover items of agreement and disagreement next month.

Thank you

Dear Sis. Deborah (Subscriptions secretary),

We do enjoy the “Tidings” magazine very much. All the articles and comments from the brethren help all of us to share the truth as a real family in Christ. The exhortation can help to strengthen us as we wait for our Lord Jesus Christ.

Enclosed is a check to help in some small way.

Love in Jesus Christ,
A brother and sister.

Thank you for your words of encouragement and for your contribution. Our current policy is to send the “Tidings” to every household in the Amended fellowship in North America whether or not they pay the $10 which covers paper, printing and postage. However, we have been surprised and delighted by the number of brethren and sisters who send in more than the $10 voluntary subscription amount.

Thanks very much to all of you who have done so.

Korean spoken here

Dear Brothers!

Grace to you and peace from Yahweh and His son, the Lord Jesus Christ. I hope you will forgive me for writing to you suddenly. First of all, I think I’ll have to introduce myself My name is Jung W. Lee. I am a brother from Korea here for the purpose of studying dentistry.

I studied English when in Korea but we just learned grammar and reading. I have problems speaking and listening. I have attended our meetings here but I could not understand what was said. Now I amthinking ofestablishing a Korean language ecclesia.

In order to do that, I have to know the Truth more thoroughly. I know the first principles but I do not think that is enough. That is why I am writing to you and request that I may subscribe to the “Christadelphian Tidings.”

I will be waiting for your favorable reply.

Bro. Jung W. Lee P.S.

If it is possible, please send me a book about Revelation.

Much to our utter dismay, we have no address for Bro. Lee. We must have accidentally thrown out the envelope which, no doubt, contained it. Please respond, Bro. Lee, or anyone who may know our Brother.

From Israel

Dear Don Styles,

Shalom.

Leslie and Edith Johnson, here in Jerusalem, told me of the death of Ola Koher, “O .K.” as she always signed her letters to me, and gave me your name and address (see Seattle, WA news May, 1990 “Tidings”). I decided to write for a couple of reasons: one, having had a warm relationship with several Christadelphians here in Israel, as their guide, since 1983; and secondly, Ola herself

When, in 1985 , I toured the USA from northeast to southwest, northwest to southeast and the center, too, I had to decide whether to accept many invitations to stay with hosts on the long speaking tour or to sleep a few more hours in hotels. I stayed at homes all the way through, save one — Ola felt it would not look right if a single man stayed with her!! She was 90 plus at the time.

To all those who remember her warmly ,my voice is added as is a warm hello to those those remember me.

Roy L. Brody, Ein Hod,
Israel, 30890 (Phone)
02-6994991 04-841067

Manitoulin youth conference

Dear Bro. Don,

Loving greetings in our one sure hope.

Noticing the recent correspondence in your magazine about the Manitoulin Youth Conference, as a young sister who plans to attend this year, ,God willing would like to make a few remarks.

The youth conference is an excellent opportunity for young people to gather and discuss the word of God. Certainly, as God tells us in the scrip­tures, “My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge” (Hos. 4:6). We should be making sure we don’ t fall into the same category. Manitoulin Island is a beautiful setting for such discussion, far away from the world and its cares and surrounded by God’s creation. That aspect and the fellowship we can have with other young people are only added incentives to the discussions and studies that take place.

If we pause a moment and think of our pioneers, the apostles or the protesters, we can learn some examples of how “worshiping in sincerity and truth” is manifested. Think of how the protesters of the 1500’s looked at discussing the truth! They were willing to give up their occupations, their time, their comforts and even their lives ,so great was their desire to study God’ s Word. For them, walking miles or riding horseback to get to a Bible class did not appear to be a sacrifice, much less riding in air-conditioned or heated cars and being free from persecution to go anywhere one wants to go. The protesters wouldn’t have thought of an hour’s drive to CYC or the extras, like gatherings ,a sacrifice but pure joy! They would have rejoiced at being able to study and discuss the word of life giving them the hope that was so real to them.

Think of Dr . John Thomas who, in his search for the truth, virtually became nothing in his career of being a doctor due to the large amount of time he spent discussing studying and writing about the Bible.

Some might say that these were older people to whom the truth meant much more due to experiences in life; but is not that what we young people will be, if our Lord tarries? And if we justify ourselves into thinking we don’t need a desire like that now,when will we ever desire God’s word? We have to taste and see that God is good (Psa. 34:7)! The scriptures are full of exhortation to young people that they begin while they are young to serve God (e.g. Eccl. 12:1).

In my opinion, I don’t think we can afford to justify ourselves into thinking we already make enough sacrifices for the truth. We must look to what we can do! The time is much too near the end to be taking it easy now. The world is full of evil that will tempt us more if we don’t have our hearts and minds firmly in the scriptures. Look at all the signs around us in the nations! Christ could return any moment! So think about it, please, young people. Think about what will give you life instead of the cares of the world!!

Love in Christ,
A young person

You will be pleased to learn that pre-registration is now over 50 young people for the youth conference. That is as high as it has ever been. Your own enthusiasm will hopefully be contagious. There is no doubt that, living in countries where religious freedom is the law of the land and the Bible is so readily available, we can take for granted what others have given their lives for. We need to rejoice in our opportunities and take full advantage of them.

Just a gentle word of caution; we can plan optional activities and then criticize those who do not participate in them. This is an aspect of ecclesial life which we hope to consider in future issues, God willing.

Abortion

Dear Bro. Don,

Loving greetings in the Saving Name of Christ!

The Los Angeles ecclesia has established a “tutoring” class for each newly baptized brother or sister. The intent of the class is to team the newly baptized individual with an established member or couple from within the ecclesia for a period of a least a year. They are to study aspects of the walk of the believer within the truth, especially the functioning of the ecclesia both locally and worldwide. A tutoring handbook is available to assist the tutor in preparing the classes as well as to provide some direction for the studies.

The past two years have seen such a large number of young people take on the saving name of Christ that there are insufficient brothers or sisters to adequately provide tutors. To resolve this, a separate class for the newly baptized was established as part of the Sunday school. With a membership of 10, the class has been using Bro. George Booker’ s book “A New Creation” as a study aid.

Recently, we were studying the subject of abortion. The assignment was to find anything on the subject within the Bible, Christadelphian lit­erature, and other “Christian” lit­erature and present the information to the class. While we found a tremendous amount of discussion in “Christian” literature, and in the world’s writings (magazines, newspapers, books, etc.), we were somewhat surprised to find a limited amount of information available within Chris­tadelphian writings.

The two articles that we studied, while helpful, seemed to carry the strong emotional overtones that we found in the world’s writings. We understand that for some this is a very emotional subject, however, the scriptural principles must be examined first. These we also found to be somewhat limited in extent, but we believe that for the believer who is earnestly striving to follow God’s truths, the principles carry a specific responsibility to avoid abortion.

For a couple that is striving to glorify God in their life , both individually and as a couple, there is little doubt that abortion should not be the response to pregnancy. Assuming that the couple is actively involved in asking God’s guidance in their life, the scriptures are quite clear that God does work in the believers life to both withhold, and to provide children. The fact of prematurely terminating a pregnancy that came about during a time of asking for God’s involvement is simply not in keeping with a life full of faith. Certainly, abortion as a means of birth control is not consistent with Heb. 11:6 (“But without faith it is impossible to please him…”)

Less clear is the proper response to a pregnancy caused by rape, incest or other unnatural means. What should be done when there is a clear danger to the health or even the life of the mother? An argument simply based on a definition of when life begins seems less than adequate. To state that all abortions are murder adds an emotional overtone that is not appropriate for the scriptures that can be brought to bear on this subject. These are areas where it seems that the couple must make an informed decision, based on their faith, their situation in life, and with the support of their closest brothers and sisters.

As a class, we ask that, if you think it appropriate, this subject be taken up in the “Tidings.” We would like to hear other viewpoints from our brethren, especially other scriptural prin­ciples that may apply.

Yours in our Savior’s Name,
Bro. Mark R. Patterson
On behalf of the Sunday school
class for the newly baptized.

In addition to the comments in Bro. Booker’s book (available from Bro. George at 2500 Berwyn Circle, Austin, TX 78745) and some comments in the “Tidings” of April, 1989, there is a recently published pamphlet, “Abortion, What Guidance do the Scriptures Give?” by Bro. Bernard Burt, 28 pages for $1.50 available from the “Advocate” publishing committee, c/o Box 312, Cataumet, MA 02534.

We will be pleased to receive articles or letters regarding this subject. As readers can no doubt tell, the “Tidings” is open to Biblical discussion of relevant issues. We have to apply the principles of God in the world in which we live, so we do well to talk the issues out with each other who hold the scriptures as our supreme authority.

When faced with a question like abortion, we need to step back and ask why scripture does not specifically address it. The evident answer is two ­fold: 1) throughout scripture, the godly view children as a blessing from God; 2) it does address the subject in references to the sacrifice of children to false gods. Are not most abortions in the world a sacrifice to the god of sensual pleasure? The unwanted pregnancy occurs because people want the pleasures of sex without facing the unwanted consequences.

Space does not allow extended comment this issue, but it seems to us you have stated the right principle: faith in God should be the dominant focus in this situation. He is the one who “giveth to all life, and breath” and of Him it is said “thou takest away their breath, they die, and return to their dust. Thou sendest forth thy spirit, they are created” (Acts 17:25; Psa. 104:29-30). If this is true for heathens and animals, surely it is true for those whom He loves and has chosen from among mankind.

As your letter indicates, recogniz­ing faith as the key and practicing itare two different things. Life presents some profound trials.

Divorce

Dear Editor,

Some readers have expressed the “ideal” marriage situation is one partner for life. Although this is true, the use of the word “ideal” may convey a “pie in the sky” concept that is nice to try for, but if it doesn’t work out , that’ s OK too. In my opinion, this thinking is dangerous. Either divorce is scripturally permitted among believers or it is not. How can there be any middle ground?

The concept of divorce is clearly taught in Deut.24:1 and is commented upon by the Lord in Matt. 5:32 and 19:9. The real problem, however, is determining under what circum­stances the divorce provision is to be applied.

If the overall concept of Christ and the ecclesia is recognized as the basis of husband-wife relationships, the difficulty vanishes and the application becomes clear. The ecclesia is presently espoused to Christ (II Cor. 11:2), on probation, awaiting the judgment seat and marriage supper. The outcome of the judgment is deter­mined by one’s probationary behavior. Each individual will either be judged acceptable and become “one flesh” (immortalized?), or judged unacceptable and be “divorced” from his presence.

If this anti-typical application of divorce is correct ,(and it does harmonize with both Deuteronomy and Matthew), then divorce among believers is only permissible prior to physical consummation, and not after. We might add that this is exactly the application of the “divorce” provision contemplated by Joseph, “a just man,” concerning Mary,who, was “with child” “before they came together” (Matt. 1:18). If we would allow this point of view on the matter, indeed Jesus’ words in both Matthew 5:32 and 19:9 deal with “fornication” as it says, and not “adultery” as some would wish it to say.

Richard Pursell,
Heber Springs, AR

We wholeheartedly agree that the “ideal” is to be considered the divine standard and not an optional goal. We do not agree, however, on your use of some of the vocabulary involved with this subject. The “one flesh” relationship is spoken of as existing now between Christ and the ecclesia, “we are members of his body, of his flesh, and of his bones” (Eph. 5:30). Use of this language in Ephesians and of the “espousal” terms in 2 Cor. 11 serves to underscore that applying the language of human relationships to that of Christ and the ecclesia is really speaking in figurative terms. Great lessons are being taught about how we should conduct ourselves but we only muddy our thinking on the subject by speaking of the figurative as if it is literal. Second, we know of no basis for insisting “fornication” refers only to premarital relations. It is the word that is used elsewhere to encompass all forms of deviation from aright physical relationship. We do not feel that trying to restrict its definition advances our right handling of this matter.

Reward system not good

Dear Brother Don,

Greetings in the Lord’s Name.

We read the article rewarding children for proper behavior in the meeting in the June edition.

The basic idea of writing out the verses is a good one . The problem with the suggest on is the reward. The writer is addressing the problem of undisciplined children with a method that I would have to seriously question as to whether it has any scriptural merit.

When we take a look at the way scripture teaches us to get our chil­dren to do the correct thing, it is by the rod of correction or discipline– self-denial. In considering the subject of child rearing, the scripture abounds with advice on the benefits of disci­pline and not reward as the method of instruction.

Discipline or corporal punishment is questioned both in and out of the brotherhood. The reward method is endorsed by others for anything from potty training to effecting good behavior in school. For this reason alone, we need to take a good look at what could be wrong with it and if and when we should employ it.

It is faulty reasoning to suppose that because a method gets the desired results it’s the correct method. We have only to look at the example of Asa’ s hiring of Syria instead of trusting in God (II Chr. 1-9).

But why is discipline or corporal punishment so feared or avoided by brethren and sisters? This is bewildering.

If employed with love and consistency, it is far more effective than any other method. It fails only when incorrectly applied.

It is parent’s lack of concern for those around them in a memorial service and also their willful disregard of the need of discipline that causes someone like Sis. Fulk to try to find a solution to this problem.

The idea of getting them to pay attention to the service and using the writing down of verses is a great idea — Bro. Brian Luke suggests the very idea in the book, “Family Life in the Lord” but no material reward is suggested.

There is a reward in the doing of something you know to be the right thing , but it is intangible. It’ s vital that children learn how this feels. It’s knowing that you are doing the right thing for the right reason that will guide you throughout your life. Why should you do something unpleasant if there is nothing in it for you?

There are also the intangible rewards of love and encouragement and good old hugs and kisses.

Material rewards basically appeal to the lust of the flesh and disci­pline is the road of self-denial. If we are to use a method that will “train up a child in the way he will go,” the answer seems obvious to what method we should employ.

The lives of David, Paul and our savior, Jesus Christ, teach that by suffering we learn what it takes to receive our reward.

Simply put, “Children, obey your parents in the Lord for this is right” (Eph. 6:1).

Love in the Lord’s Name,
Sis. Ginny Muniz, Clarkston, MI

Generally speaking, we agree with Sis. Ginny in regard to the need for rightly applied discipline in handling our children and the potential hazard of developing an expectation of instant blessing for doing good. However, we felt the situation written up in the June magazine was well-handled. The prizes were small, $.25 or less in value and provided a little enjoyable acknowledgment of a task that might quickly have lost its effect. Eight-year-olds could readily lose interest in writing down verses!

Remember, too, that Sis. Fulk and the others were, to some extent, dealing with other people’s children. They did not have the options which parents should use when occasion requires! And we should also remember that God not only punished Israel for disobedience but He blessed them for obedience. Both are necessary in a balanced handling of our own chil­dren.